“Love her, love her, love her ! If she favours you, love her. If she wounds you, love her. If she tears your heart to pieces – and as it gets older and stronger, it will tear deeper – love her, love her, love her !”
Charles Dickens, Great Expectations
Daniel Maclise, 1839, detail
"Amala, amala, amala ! / Se ti aggrada, amala. / Se ti ferisce, amala. / Se ti lacera il cuore - e quando invecchia a diviene più forte, gli strappi si fanno più profondi - / amala, amala, amala !"
Portrait by Francis Alexander, 1842
Il mondo conosce Charles Dickens come il popolare scrittore di racconti e romanzi, per l'infanzia e non solo, apparsi in epoca vittoriana e subito divenuti classici poiché capaci di educare ai buoni sentimenti, alla bontà d'animo e principalmente al pietismo tanto propugnato dalla Regina del Popolo, quali A Christmas Carol, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, e altri, molti altri ancora, ma pochi, sono consapevoli del fatto che egli avesse una tormentata vita amorosa, e divenne, sul finire del 1850, protagonista di un triangolo amoroso insieme con la moglie Catherine, e con l'attrice Ellen Ternan, la donna per cui la sua numerosa famiglia si disfece.
In realtà altre storie connotarono ancor prima la sua irrequieta vita sentimentale, forse perché ebbe la sfortuna di non trovare la compagna ideale fino al raggiungimento dell'età matura ... ossia forse perché la trovò ma lo lasciò troppo presto per un 'mondo migliore' ...
A sua detta, quando si maritò, all'età di 24 anni, Charles Dickens era ancora vergine, pur essendo costantemente soggiogato da travolgenti passioni:
I suoi sentimenti per Catherine Thomson Hogarth saranno sicuramente meno romanticamente e passionalmente connotati: costei era la figlia del principale di Dickens (George Hogarth era il redattore capo della edizione serale del Morning Chronicle su cui egli scriveva) e la incontrò per la prima volta a Fulham, in casa sua, quando ella aveva 19 anni, insieme con le sorelle minori Mary, che aveva 14 anni, e Georgina, che ne aveva allora 6.
In un grazioso cottage dal nome Hope Cottage, vicino Gravesend nel Kent trascorsero la loro luna di miele, conclusa la quale la sorella di Catherine, Mary, allora sedicenne, si unì a loro con l'intento di affiancare la sorella nei lavori domestici per divenire stabilmente parte della famiglia: vivevano insieme nelle piccole stanze al Furnival Inn a Holborn - sicuramente l'ultima cosa che una giovane coppia possa desiderare.
Dickens, tuttavia, era più che felice della sua presenza e lei, a sua volta, adorava suo cognato, così intellettualmente dotato; quando esattamente nove mesi dopo il matrimonio Catherine diede alla luce il primo figlio la presenza di Mary divenne indispensabile.
Quando il cuore di Mary cessò di battere il suo braccio scivolò da sotto le coperte ed un suo anello cadde in terra: Dickens lo raccolse e lo portò da allora per sempre al suo dito con lo stesso amore con cui conservò una ciocca dei suoi capelli che Mrs.Hogart gli aveva inviata.
'Grazie a Dio è morta tra le mie braccia,' scriverà della morte di Mary al suo vecchio amico Thomas Beard, 'e le ultime parole che ella sussurrò erano per me. . . Credo solennemente che così perfettamente una creatura non sia mai spirata '.
Egli aveva solamente 25 anni e la morte di Mary fu un tale trauma da cui egli mai si riprese: pensate che per la prima e unica volta nella sua vita egli smise di scrivere !
La Regina Vittoria andò a vederlo e fu sopraffatta da cotanta bravura, in effetti questo divenne un enorme successo, ma la cosa che più importa a noi, qui, sottolineare, è che fu in occasione di una di queste rappresentazioni che egli conobbe l'attrice Ellen Lawless Ternan e se ne innamorò: ella aveva allora 18 anni, tanti quanti sua figlia Kate,
lui ne aveva 45.... era il 1857.
Pur subentrando la cognata Georgina ad aiutare la sorella nella conduzione della numerosa famiglia, mentre egli stava scrivendo David Copperfield la sua infelicità coniugale prese corpo del tutto tanto da giungere a voler dare voce alla sua penna e scrivere tra i suoi brogli che si sentiva animato da una irrequietezza interiore dovuta ad una qualche mancanza che neppure lui bene riusciva a comprendere appieno... dopo trentadue anni di matrimonio questi coniugi non avevano davvero più nulla in comune.
Nel 1858 la loro separazione, largamente pubblicizzata, ebbe infine luogo: era il mese di maggio quando Catherine accidentalmente ricevette un braccialetto indirizzato ad Ellen, pensate, un dono indirizzato dal marito alla sua amante !
La povera donna si sentì perciò costretta ad abbandonare il tetto coniugale lasciandosi i suoi figli alle proprie spalle, portando con sé solamente il maggiore, Charley; persino Georgina, si schierò dalla parte del cognato.
Da quel momento fino alla morte di Catherine essi non s'incontrarono mai più, divennero due estranei, pur rimanendo quest'ultima fedele al marito e alla sua memoria fino all'ultimo dei suoi giorni; sul letto di morte ella consegnò alla figlia Kate una raccolta di lettere che il giovane Dickens le aveva indirizzato, affinché il mondo sapesse che un giorno egli l'aveva amata.
Catherine Thomson Hogarth da giovane
Il divorzio era impensabile, soprattutto per un uomo nella posizione di Dickens, avrebbe comportato uno scandalo pubblico ed avrebbe dovuto essere motivato unicamente dall'ammissione di adulterio, ma a lui bastava essere libero, libero di seguire Ellen-Nelly, di andare a vivere con lei, di godere della sua compagnia, poiché ella era tutto ciò che sua moglie non era, ovvero indomabile, spiritosa, affascinante ed intelligente oltre che interessata alla politica, al teatro e alla letteratura.
Helena Landless immortalata al tempo degli ultimi anni della sua relazione con Charles Dickens
Anch'ella, stando a molti studiosi e commentatori, sarebbe stata motivo d'ispirazione di molti dei suoi personaggi femminili, tra cui Bella Wilfer in Our Mutual Friend ed Helena Landless ne The Mystery of Edwin Drood ed altri ancora, sicuramente Lucie Manette in A Tale of Two Cities, il suo ultimo romanzo Alla sua morte Dickens le lasciò un'eredità di £ 1.000 ed un reddito sufficiente tratto da un fondo fiduciario per assicurarsi che ella non avrebbe più dovuto lavorare.
Sta di fatto che pur trascorrendo insieme con Nelly gli ultimi tredici anni della sua vita mai egli smise di pensare a Mary Hogarth, a proposito della quale, scrisse nell'ultimo anno della sua vita:
'è così tanto presente nei miei pensieri in ogni momento; soprattutto quando raggiungo il successo, e sono notevolmente gratificato da qualcosa, il ricordo di lei è una parte essenziale del mio essere, ed è inseparabile dalla mia esistenza come il battito del mio cuore '.Ringraziandovi come sempre, anzi, sempre più, vi lascio sulle parole di Dickens, scrivendo una citazione che a me piace moltissimo e che trovo molto, molto dolce ...“Never close your lips to those whom you have already opened your heart.”
Charles Dickens
A presto ♥
Fonti bibliografiche:
G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens, House of Stratus Ltd, 2001;
Catherine Peters, Charles Dickens, The History Press, 2012;
Claire Tomalin, Charles Dickens: A Life, Penguin Books, 2012;
Claire Tomalin, The Invisible Woman: The Story of Nelly Ternan and Charles Dickens, Penguin Books, 2012.
“Love her, love her, love her ! If she favours you, love her. If she wounds you, love her. If she tears your heart to pieces – and as it gets older and stronger, it will tear deeper – love her, love her, love her !”
Charles Dickens, Great Expectations
- picture 1 - Daniel Maclise, 1839, detail
- picture 2 - Portrait by Francis Alexander, 1842
The world knows Charles Dickens as the popular writer of short stories and novels for children and noyt only, published in the Victorian era and soon became classics as able to educate at the good feelings, to the kindness of heart and mainly to the pietism as advocated by the Queen of the People, such as A Christmas Carol, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, and others, many others, but few are aware that he had a turbulent love life, and became, in the late 1850s, protagonist in a love triangle together with his wife Catherine, and with the actress Ellen Ternan, the woman for whom his large family collapsed.Actually other stories connoted before than this his restless love life, maybe because he had the misfortune of not finding the ideal companion till reaching the achievement of maturity ... or perhaps because he found her but she left him too very early for a 'better world' ...
In his said, when he married at the age of 24 years, he was still a virgin, despite being constantly subdued by captivating passions:
- picture 3 on the left - the youthful infatuation with flirtatious and simpering Maria Beadnell which lasted four years, involved him in an overwhelming passion, so much so that when she decided to end this relationship he, devastated from this happening, he was certain that his heart would never more fully recovered.Since he was a passionate man every detail of his experience will serve as inspiration for his novels, and that was how we find Mary in Dora, amongst the pages of David Copperfield, for whom he falls in love, and in the character of Estella in Great Expectations the woman for whom Pip takes a fancy of; years after the publication of David Copperfield, Dickens received a letter from a certain Mrs.Winter the calligraphy of which he already knew: Maria had recognized herself and asked with a few lines the allowed to meet him.Obviously for Dickens it was quite a shock to meet her at the age of forty, as he wrote in his memoirs, but he could forgive her, obviously, if he was aged just in the same way! Apparently, despite her age now mature, she had kept intact her coquettish manners tipical of the way she put herself in her youth, which Dickens found almost absurd .... I wonder if she recognized her elderly portrait in Flora in the novel Little Dorrit !
His feelings for Catherine Thomson Hogarth will certainly be less romantic and passionate: she was the daughter of the boss of Dickens (George Hogarth was the chief editor of the evening edition of the Morning Chronicle on which he wrote) and met her for the first time in Fulham, in her home, when she was 19 years old, along with her younger sisters Mary, who was 14, and Georgina, who was 6 then.(These three sisters will become the focus of his life, perhaps even literarily speaking, probably the most remarkable of these relations will be that one with Mary who, shortly after his marriage, will become the true love of his life and the inspiration for some of his most famous literary masterpieces.)
- picture 4 on the right - Catherine was, therefore, the eldest daughter of George and Georgina Hogarth, born in Scotland and came to England with his family in 1834, and those who knew her said her to be characterized by a sweet, gentle and loving personality, although perhaps a little apathetic and , as later Dickens will discover, quite disorderly according to the concept of order that he had in his mind. They got married in April 1836, the same year in which the young Dickens was enjoying a great success with his novel The Pickwick Papers recently published.In a charming cottage named Hope Cottage, near Gravesend in Kent, they spent their honeymoon, concluded which the sister of Catherine, Mary, then sixteen, joined them with the intention of backing her sister with her houseworks for to becoming, then, a stable part of the family: they lived together in the small rooms at Furnival Inn in Holborn - surely the last thing that a young couple could wish for.
Dickens, however, was more than happy for her presence and she, in turn, loved her brother-in-law, so intellectually gifted; when exactly nine months after the wedding Catherine gave birth to her first child the presence of Mary became indispensable.
- picture 5 on the left - The ever increasing demands of work which arrived to Dickens, who wrote under the pseudonym Boz, sold so well that the family was able to move to a more grandiose dwelling in Doughty Street, off Gray Inn Road.Just a month later, Dickens, Catherine and the young Mary went to the theater to see the Dickens' farse She His Wife? and when they got home, Dickens and Mary talked till late into the night; when she returned to her bedroom, however, she suddenly became seriously ill, her temperature went up very high, and the doctors were unable to save her: after having kept her for hours in his arms, Dickens saw Mary expire, trying the biggest pain of his whole life, he had to say, even bigger than the one he will try when will loose two sons of his.When Mary's heart stopped beating his arm slipped from under the covers and his ring fell to the ground: Dickens picked it up and wore forever on his finger with the same love with which kept a lock of her hair which Mrs.Hogart had sent him.
'Thank God she died in my arms,' he'll write about mary's death to his old friend Thomas Beard, 'and the last words she had whispered were for me . . . Solemnly I believe that a creature never passed away so perfectly '.He was only 25 years and the death of Mary was such a trauma from which he never will recover: think that for the first and the unique time in his life he stopped writing!
- picture 6
After living for a long time as a victim of a deep frustration, Dickens decided to stage some of his shows and take a tour around the country. His friend Wilkie Collins wrote for the occasion The Frozen Deep, a melodrama in which he played the role of the tormented hero.Queen Victoria went to see him and was overcome by such great skill, in fact his performance became a huge success, but what is more important to us here, is that it was during one of these performances that he met the actress Ellen Lawless Ternan and fell in love with her: she was 18 years then, just as his daughter Kate, he was 45 .... it was the year 1857.
- picture 7 on the right - In the meanwhile, Dickens's family life was becoming increasingly untenable, the number of his children had come to ten and Catherine could hardly manage the noise that was a significant obstacle to the work of the writer; probably their marriage was unfortunate since the beginning, their temperaments were too different and the events that happened over the years helped to expand, little by little, the space between them.Despite being arrived Catherine's sister Georgina to help her in the conduct of her large family, while he was writing David Copperfield his marital unhappiness took shape quite enough till pushing him to want to give voice to his pen and write among his sheets of notes that he felt animated by an inner restlessness due to something that even he could understand ... After thirty-two years of marriage these spouses had really nothing in common anymore.
In 1858 their separation, widely publicized, took finally place: it was the month of May when Catherine accidentally received a bracelet addressed to Ellen, you think, a gift sent by her husband to his lover !The poor woman felt therefore forced to leave the marital home, to leave her children behind her taking with her only the older, Charley; even Georgina stood on the side of her brother-in-law.From then until Catherine's they never met anymore, they became strangers, but the latter remained faithful to her husband and to his memory until the end of her days; on her deathbed, she gave her daughter Kate a collection of letters that the young Dickens wrote her, so that the world knew that one day he had loved her.
- picture 8 - Catherine Thomson Hogarth as a young girl.
- picture 9 - Daguerreotype of Catherine Thomson Hogarth Dickens, 1852.
The divorce was unthinkable, especially for a man in the position of Dickens, it would have resulted in a public scandal and would have to be motivated solely by the admission of adultery, but fr him it was enough to be free, free to follow Ellen-Nelly, to go and live with her, enjoy her company, because she was all that his wife was not, she was indomitable, witty, charming and intelligent as well as interested in politics, theater and literature.
- picture 10 - Helena Landless immortalized at the time of the last years of her relationship with Charles Dickens
Since that nothing remains of the private correspondence of Dickens, it can be assumed that their relationship was purely platonic, that is they were just friends, that they were lovers and this point of view would be supported by the hypothesis of the conception of a child by Nelly, who won't survive, born when they were in America.She too, according to many scholars and commentators, would have been an inspiration to many of Dickens's female characters, including Bella Wilfer in Our Mutual Friend and Helena Landless it The Mystery of Edwin Drood and others, definitely Lucie Manette in A Tale of Two Cities, his last novel. At his death Dickens left her a legacy of £ 1,000 and and an income based on a trust fund to make sure she would not have to work anymore.
- picture 11
The fact is that while spending together with Nelly the last thirteen years of his life, he never stopped thinking about Mary Hogarth, about which he wrote in the last year of his life:
'She is so much in my thoughts at all times; especially when I reach a success, and I am greatly gratified by something, her memory is an essential part of my being, and is inseparable from my life as the beat of my heart '.
Thanking you as usual, indeed, more and more, I leave you on the words of Dickens, writing a quote that I like very much and that I think to be very, very sweet ...
“Never close your lips to those whom you have already opened your heart.”
Charles Dickens
See you soon ♥
Bibliographic sources:
G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens, House of Stratus Ltd, 2001;
Catherine Peters, Charles Dickens, The History Press, 2012;
Claire Tomalin, Charles Dickens: A Life, Penguin Books, 2012;
Claire Tomalin, The Invisible Woman: The Story of Nelly Ternan and Charles Dickens, Penguin Books, 2012.