(Giuseppe Ungaretti,Il Porto Sepolto, 1916) La fotografia modernista ceca esprime una forza, una sensibilità, una bellezza e un rispetto per la semplicità formale, in realtà simbolizzando una filosofia intelligente per la quale le parole sono inadeguate. La ricca e oscura introspezione, il connubio di istinto e intelletto, la delicata sensibilità del modernista Rossler; l'economia della visione derivata dalla tradizione formalista ceca nel lavoro di Funke; la significanza filosofica, l'impressionante audacia combinata con l'abbondanza di ombre nelle composizioni formali e nei nudi di Drtikol; la meditabonda poesia della decadenza e del caos silente nelle immagini di Sudek - tutti parlano di intensità, compassione, distacco, poesia - spesso solitudine. Su tutti i sentimenti emerge, in queste composizioni, una verità umana, filosofica, intellettuale, estetica, universale. In tutte queste verità sussiste un disordinato insieme di bellezza - profonda, compulsiva, spesso ordinaria.Nella fotografia ceca e slovacca degli anni '90 - un'epoca in cui la fotografia di nuovo di contraddistingue come una delle maggiori forme d'arte in Cecoslovacchia, insieme all'arte del vetro, al cinema e alla scultura - vediamo una nuova ventata di simbolismo, formalismo e un surreale, ludico approccio alla composizione; un'espressione libera di anarchia ermetica in una nuova arena aperta dalla Rivoluzione di Velluto del 1989. Gli oggetti negativi di Ales Kunes, i fotogrammi concettuali di Jiri Sigut, le composizioni minimaliste di Stepan Grygar e la decadenza surreale nei ritratti di Ivan Pinkava - tutti hanno portato una nuova intrigante varietà di approcci alla scena fotografica. Sulla scena di Praga emersero in particolare i fotografi slovacchi, con i lavori posati di Miro Svolik, Tono Stano e Peter Zupnik.Nadia Rovderova "sente" le sue immagini attraverso la tecnica della lunga esposizione e usando pellicole scadute che permettono una sedimentazione di emozioni e colori sfuocati. Incoraggiati dagli insegnamenti di Milota Havrankova a Bratislava, i fotografi slovacchi si sentirono liberi di combinare testi e negativi secondo modalità che erano innovative rispetto alla tradizione del mezzo. Entrambi i periodi - gli anni '20 e gli anni '90 - fornirono nutrimento a una nuova "avanguardia" e sono infine legati da una fresca libertà creativa nei confronti della creazione dell'immagine fotografica.Friedrich Nietzsche). Senza dubbio, la grande abilità di Kafka risiede nell'aver saputo costruire l'assurdità, nell'aver comunicato senza ridicolismo né sarcasmo i cupi meccanismi della vita in una piccola nazione che avrebbe presto fatto esperienza di una trasformazione politica e sociale totale - un'abilità che si è anche riflessa nell'ambito artistico ceco, specialmente nella fotografia.CZECH FUNDAMENTAL has been conceived by Gunther Dietrich, director of Photo-Edition-Berlin, and Nadia Rovderova, director of Artinbox Gallery in Prague. It is curated by the American-born artist Suzanne Pastor, who moved from Germany to Prague in 1990 to establish Prague House of Photography (now GHMP), where she worked as director and curator while continuing to be active in other passions such as collecting, writing, lecturing and art-making.
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The exhibition Czech Fundamental engages the viewer in a dialogue between old and new: Czech photography from the very beginnings of the avant-garde in the 1920s, and a selection of work by contemporary artists whose work exhibits an individual, authorial or experimental approach to the medium. Works by photographers fundamental to the development of a specifically Czech vision - among others, Frantisek Drtikol's nudes, Jaroslav Rossler's and Jaromir Funke's contemplative compositions, arrangements by Vaclav Zykmund and Josef Sudek's poetic still-lifes - are presented along with the very different contemporary visions of Czech and Slovak photographers who became prominent in the 1990s. They represent the last mature generation not absorbed into globalization and digitalization, a phenomenon which has made all but impossible the presentation of photography - as Czech - in the decades following.
Much has been said about the dark, labyrinthine Czech soul - abstruse, cryptic, veiled, and impenetrable - so often with reference to the German-speaking Franz Kafka, who wrote his Metamorphosis (1915) around the time Expressionism was named as such (by a Czech) and Futurism and Cubism came into vogue. It was, on the European continent, a time of class struggle (Karl Marx), sexual revolution (Sigmund Freud), and philosophical upheaval (Friedrich Nietzsche). Certainly it was Kafka's ability to construct absurdity, to convey without ridicule, without sarcasm, the dark workings of life in a small nation that was soon to experience consummate political and social transformation, an ability that was also to be reflected in the work of other Czech artists, especially in the photographic medium.
Part of any attempt to define Czech vision should include the terms "poetic subversion" or "compulsive beauty," a way of creating art that became increasingly important during the period of Surrealism's emergence in Czechoslovakia. Devetsil, founded in 1920 by typographer and theoretician Karel Teige, was the first group of Czech artists, painters, architects and poets to devote themselves to the modern age; not much later, artists found in Surrealism a strategy to disturb representation and reality; they found in it a wonderfully congenial path to anarchy, the truest form of artistic freedom.
Of this poetry The nothingness Of inexhaustible secretsIn Surrealism and its Czech manifestation, Poetism, there was an emphasis on the heightening of chance encounters, the deliberate confrontation of incompatible objects. In the work of Funke, Wiskovsky, Rossler (and later Jan Svoboda), the subject is not plates, spirals, collars or cubes, but the ideal, an attempt to define man's role within the universe. The dark labyrinths of ominous shadows encourage unconscious associations rather than force a representation of reality or real objects onto the viewer. The images these photographers created are a reflection on the nature of the ordinary transported to the metaphysical, to the level of pure aesthetics.
Czech photographers' often obscure use of a poetic sensibility draws on deliberate vagueness to describe mysterious universal truths. Rather than to apply the camera to
blatant forms of objectivity, where reality is the basis for the glorification of pure, mechanical truth and logic, they choose to disguise their subject matter - not to reveal it. In contrast, the Germanic, or American, non-subversive use of the camera is more comfortable in a world that can function without deliberate obscurity or ambiguity. The Czech mentality operates in another sphere altogether.
[Guiseppe Ungaretti , The Buried Port, 1916]
Czech modernist photography expresses a strength, sensitivity, beauty and respect for formal simplicity, in effect symbolizing an intelligent philosophy for which words are inadequate. The richly dark introspection, the marriage of instinct and intellect, the delicate sensitivity of the modernist Rossler; the economy of vision arising out of the Czech formalist tradition in the work of Funke; the philosophical significance, the striking boldness combined with an abundance of shadow in Drtikol's formal compositions of female nudes; the brooding poetry of decay and silent chaos in Sudek's images - all speak of intensity, compassion, coolness, poetry - often loneliness. Above all there emerges from these compositions a kind of truth - a human truth, philosophical truth, intellectual truth, aesthetic truth, universal truth. In all this truth there is an inordinate amount of beauty - profound, compulsive, often quite ordinary beauty.
In Czech and Slovak photography of the 90s, an age where photography once again emerged as one of the leading art forms in Czechoslovakia (next to glass art, film and sculpture), we see a fresh emergence of symbolism, formalism and a surreal, playful approach to composition; a free expression of hermetic anarchy in a new arena opened by the Velvet Revolution in 1989. The negative objects of Ales Kunes, conceptual photograms of Jiri Sigut, minimalistic compositions of Stepan Grygar, and surreal decadence in the portraits of Ivan Pinkava - all brought an intriguing new variety of approaches to the photographic scene. Slovak photographers especially became prominent on the Prague art scene, with the staged work of Miro Svolik, Tono Stano and Peter Zupnik. Nadia Rovderova "felt" her images with long exposures and aged film allowing a deposit of emotion and blurred colors. Encouraged by the teaching of Milota Havrankova in Bratislava, Slovak photographers felt free to combine negatives and text in ways that were novel to the traditional photographic medium. Both eras - the 20s and the 90s - provided nourishment to a new "avant-garde" and are ultimately united by a fresh creative freedom to the approach of photographic image-making.